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National Museums Scotland was formed by Act of Parliament in 1985 (), amalgamating the former National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland and The Royal Scottish Museum. The National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, was formed in 2006 with the merger of the new Museum of Scotland, with collections relating to Scottish antiquities, culture and history, and the adjacent Royal Museum (so renamed in 1995), with collections covering science and technology, natural history, and world cultures. The two connected buildings stand beside each other on Chambers Street, by the intersection with the George IV Bridge, in central Edinburgh. The museum is part of National Museums Scotland. Admission is free. The two buildings retain distinctive characters: the Museum of Scotland is housed in a modern building opened in 1998, while the former Royal Museum building was begun in 1861, and partially opened in 1866, with a Victorian Romanesque Revival facade and a grand central hall of cast iron construction that rises the full height of the building. This building underwent a major refurbishment and reopened on 29 July 2011 after a three-year, £47 million project to restore and extend the building led by Gareth Hoskins Architects along with the concurrent redesign of the exhibitions by Ralph Appelbaum Associates. The National Museum incorporates the collections of the former National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland, and the Royal Museum. As well as the national collections of Scottish archaeological finds and medieval objects, the museum contains artefacts from around the world, encompassing geology, archaeology, natural history, science, technology, art, and world cultures. The 16 new galleries reopened in 2011 include 8,000 objects, 80 per cent of which were not formerly on display.〔NMS press release for the reopening〕 One of the more notable exhibits is the stuffed body of Dolly the sheep, the first successful clone of a mammal from an adult cell. Other highlights include Ancient Egyptian exhibitions, one of Elton John's extravagant suits and a large kinetic sculpture named the Millennium Clock. A Scottish invention that is a perennial favourite with school parties is The Maiden, an early form of guillotine. In 2013, the museum had 1,768,090 visitors during the year.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2013 Visitor figures )〕 ==Collections== The galleries in the newer building present Scottish history in an essentially chronological arrangement, beginning at the lowest level with prehistory to the early medieval period, with later periods on the higher levels. The Victorian building, as reopened in 2011, contains four zones (each with numerous galleries), covering natural history, world cultures (including galleries on the South Pacific, East Asia, and Ancient Egypt), European art and design, and science & technology. The Grand Gallery contains a variety of large objects from the collections, with a display called the "Window on the World" rising through four storeys, or about 20 metres, containing over 800 objects reflecting the breadth of the collections. Beyond the Grand Gallery at ground level is the "Discoveries" gallery, with objects connected to "remarkable Scots ... in the fields of invention, exploration and adventure".〔NMS press release on reopening〕 Notable artefacts include: *Assyrian relief of King Ashurnasirpal II and a court official, from the North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal at Nimrud, excavated by Austen Henry Layard in the 1840s; the medical pioneer James Young Simpson gave the panel to the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, who passed it into the national collection. * Monymusk Reliquary * St Ninian's Isle Treasure * 11 of the Lewis chessmen. (The rest are owned by the British Museum) * Celtic brooches, including the Hunterston Brooch * Torrs Pony-cap and Horns * Pictish stones, such as the Hilton of Cadboll Stone, Woodwrae Stone, and Monifieth Sculptured Stones * the Cramond Lioness, Newstead Helmet and other items from the Roman frontier * Whitecleuch Chain * Migdale Hoard * Bute mazer * Sculptures by Sir Eduardo Paolozzi, housing prehistoric jewellery * A Union Flag and Scottish Flag raised by the Hanoverians and Jacobites respectively at the Battle of Culloden * The Maiden, an early form of guillotine * the stuffed remains of Dolly the sheep * Paintings by Margaret MacDonald * Sculptures by Andy Goldsworthy, inspired by the work of Scottish geologist James Hutton ;Scottish antiquities File:Prehistoric carved stone from Letham Grange, Scotland.JPG|Stone with cup and ring marks, c. 3000–2500 BC File:Pictish symbol stone from Dores.JPG|Pictish symbol stone from Dores File:Museum of ScotlandDSCF6355.jpg|Torrs Pony-cap and Horns, Iron Age File:Newstead Helmet 5.jpg|Roman Newstead Helmet File:Norrie's LawDSCF6379.jpg|Pictish silver plaques from Norrie's Law File:Hilton of Cadboll StoneDSCF6259.jpg|Hilton of Cadboll Stone File:Hunterston BroochDSCF6363.jpg|Hunterston Brooch File:Cramond Lioness.jpg|Cramond Lioness 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National Museum of Scotland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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